Normality Calculator
Calculate the normality of a solution from molarity and equivalence factor, or from solute mass, volume, and equivalent weight.
Formula
N = M × n-factor
- n-factor = number of H⁺/OH⁻ for acids/bases; number of electrons transferred for redox.
- HCl n=1; H₂SO₄ n=2; H₃PO₄ n=3 (for complete neutralization).
- KMnO₄ n=5 in acidic, n=3 in neutral, n=1 in basic solution.
- Normality is now deprecated in SI; use molarity and stoichiometry instead.
1 M H₂SO₄ (diprotic acid)
Inputs
- Molarity (M): 1 mol/L
- n-factor (equivalence factor): 2
N = 1 × 2 = 2 N.
Frequently asked questions
When is normality used?
Mainly in older analytical chemistry texts for acid-base and redox titrations.
Is 1 N HCl the same as 1 M HCl?
Yes, because HCl is monoprotic (n-factor = 1).